PMC

The numbers of patients with CD4 counts of <50, 50–199, 200–349, and ≥350 cells/mm³ were 796, 611, 370, and 171, respectively. A chi-square test was applied to compare differences in prevalence of anemia, mild anemia, moderate anemia, and severe anemia among patients with different CD4 count. The prevalence of anemia, of mild anemia, of moderate anemia, of severe anemia increased with decreasing CD4 count (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P = 0.001).

The numbers of patients who were 18–39, 40–59, and ≥60 years of age were 1082, 708, and 158, respectively. A chi-square test was applied to compare differences in prevalence of anemia, mild anemia, moderate anemia, and severe anemia among patients with different age. The prevalence of anemia increased with increasing age (P = 0.026). The prevalence of mild anemia increased with increasing age (P<0.001). The prevalences of moderate anemia and of severe anemia did not differ significantly according to age (P = 0.098, P = 0.154).

Anemia based on hemoglobin levels vs. no anemia (“Anemia”); anemia of chronic disease vs. all other forms (“ACD”); and anemia based on hepcidin levels (>20 ng/mL) vs. no anemia (“Hepcidin”). BMI, body mass index; OR, odds ratio; TB, tuberculosis. Estimates from logistic regression models (BMI, HIV, viral and helminth infection) and conditional regression models (TB). TB adjusted for BMI and HIV. ORs on log scale.

Iron nutritional status according to hemoglobin and ferritin values, by age group, in IMSS-Oportunidades (IO). Normal: Hemoglobin above the cut-off for anemia and ferritin > = 10 μg/L. Iron deficiency without anemia: ferritin < 10 μg/L and Hb > = cut-off for anemia, by age group. Anemia: Hb < cut-off for anemia, by age group. Iron deficiency anemia: ferritin < 10 μg/L and Hb < cut-off for anemia, by age group. Anemia due to other causes: ferritin ≥ 10 μg/L and Hb < cut-off for anemia, by age group.